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位于采煤影响区的高压线、输气输油管道、河道等设施对地表动态移动极为敏感。以甘肃某煤矿在金沙河下开采为背景,通过现场地表移动监测,获得薄冲积层条件下综放开采地表动态移动变形规律。研究表明:薄冲积层下综放开采地表具有下沉移动起始期很短、活跃期较长等特点。地表移动活跃期位于工作面前方110 m至工作面后方400 m范围内,历时185 d,期间地表点下沉量可达到该点总下沉量的90.7%;地表移动剧烈期在工作面后方50 m至150 m范围内,但剧烈扰动时间相对较短,历时约60 d。基于测点下沉曲线为S型分布、下沉速度曲线类似为正态分布特点,建立了考虑开采时间和工作面推进速度因素的地表下沉及下沉速度动态模型,并追踪刻画出地表测点往复式下沉与水平运动的轨迹。薄冲积层下开采,地表裂缝更易平行于工作面走向方向发育,并且随工作面的推进,地表裂缝具有前移和密集区向工作面外侧小范围扩大的时空特征。
The high pressure lines, gas transmission pipelines, river courses and other facilities located in the coal mining area are extremely sensitive to the dynamic movement of the earth’s surface. Taking the mining of a coal mine in Gansu under the Jinsha River as the background, the dynamic movement and deformation of the ground surface during fully mechanized top coal caving mining under the conditions of thin alluvium are studied by on-site surface movement monitoring. The research shows that the surface of fully mechanized top coal caving under thin alluvium has the characteristics of very short initial period and long active period. The active period of surface movement is in the range of 110 m in front of the working face to 400 m behind the working face, which lasted 185 days. During the period, the surface subsidence amount can reach 90.7% of the total subsidence of this point. m to 150 m, but the duration of severe disturbance is relatively short and lasted about 60 days. Based on the S-shaped distribution of sinking curve and the normalized sinking velocity curve, a dynamic model of surface subsidence and subsidence considering the mining time and working face propulsion speed was established. Point reciprocating sinking and horizontal trajectory. Under the condition of thin alluvium, surface cracks develop more parallel to the strike direction of the working face. With the advancing of the working face, the surface cracks have the space-time characteristics of small-scale extension of the dense area to the outside of the working face.