论文部分内容阅读
目的分析湘西州狂犬病疫情流行现况,探索有效的防控措施。方法对2005-2012年湘西州狂犬病疫情报告病例进行统计学分析。结果 8年累计报告狂犬病117例,年平均发病率5.21/10万,最高达10.74/10万,疫情呈逐年下降趋势(x~2=38.14,P<0.01)。病死率100%。各月份均有病例发生,暴露高峰在4月(16.82%)。发病高峰在5月(15.89%)。8县市均有病例报告,花垣县发病率最高(10.14/10万,x~2=27.59,P<0.01)。病例以农民为主(70.1%),男性81例,女性36例,性别比为2.25:1,年龄以50岁以上最多(44.4%)。潜伏期最短4 d,最长31年,潜伏期在1个月以内的占24.30%,1年以上有19例,占17.76%。95.7%的病例为犬只咬伤,且伤人动物100%未接种过狂犬疫苗。伤口三种暴露级别均有病例,三度伤口占70.1%,暴露后82.9%的伤口未做任何处理,88.9%的患者未接种疫苗。结论湘西州狂犬病疫情虽呈逐年下降趋势,但形势依然严峻,加大防病知识宣传力度,提高暴露人群的处置质量是控制狂犬病的关键所在。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of rabies epidemic in Xiangxi and explore effective prevention and control measures. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on reported cases of rabies in western Hunan from 2005 to 2012. Results A total of 117 cases of rabies were reported in 8 years. The average annual incidence rate was 5.21 / lakh, reaching a maximum of 10.74 / lakh. The epidemic rate showed a declining trend year by year (x ~ 2 = 38.14, P <0.01). Case fatality rate of 100%. Cases occurred in each month, the peak exposure in April (16.82%). The peak incidence in May (15.89%). 8 county and county have case reports, the highest incidence of Huayuan (10.14 / 100,000, x ~ 2 = 27.59, P <0.01). The cases were dominated by peasants (70.1%), 81 males and 36 females, with a sex ratio of 2.25: 1 and the age of 50 and over (44.4%). The shortest incubation period of 4 d, a maximum of 31 years, the incubation period of less than 1 month accounted for 24 30%, 19 cases more than 1 year, accounting for 17.76%. 95.7% of the cases were bitten by dogs and 100% of the injured animals were not vaccinated against rabies. There were three cases of wound exposure, 70.1% of the third degree of wounds, 82.9% of the wounds after the treatment without any treatment, 88.9% of the patients were not vaccinated. Conclusions Although the epidemic situation of rabies in western Hunan Province has been declining year by year, the situation is still grim. It is crucial to intensify publicity on disease prevention knowledge and improve the quality of the exposed population to control rabies.