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本文采用非介入式匿名观察的方法,调查了位于南京、苏州和常州主城区共12家农贸市场的语言生活状况。调查显示,在市场领域,地域方言仍具有较强的语言活力,方言使用率显著高于普通话。年龄、地域、交际类型和交际对象是影响城市居民在市场领域语言选择的重要因素。在交易过程中,顾客发生“向上聚合”的言语适应现象,卖主则根据其语言能力,发生“向上聚合”或“向下聚合”的言语适应现象。总体而言,在城市的市场领域,地域方言的使用仍占主导地位。随着普通话的推广和普及,普通话在市场领域的沟通作用越来越明显。
This article investigates the language life in a total of 12 farmer’s markets in Nanjing, Suzhou and Changzhou, using non-intrusive anonymous observation. The survey shows that in the market area, the regional dialects still have strong verbal vitality, dialect usage is significantly higher than that of Putonghua. Age, region, type of communication and object of communication are important factors affecting the choice of language in urban market. In the course of the transaction, the customers happen to adapt to the phenomenon of “up-converging”, and the sellers adapt to the situation of “aggregation up” or “down aggregation” according to their language ability. In general, the use of geographical dialects still dominates in urban market areas. With the popularization and popularization of Putonghua, the communication effect of Putonghua in the market area becomes more and more obvious.