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[目的]探讨学校甲型病毒性肝炎暴发疫情传播因素和传播扩散方式,为制定疫情控制措施提供科学依据。[方法]应用描述性流行病学方法对甲型病毒性肝炎暴发病例进行调查统计分析,重点调查分析甲肝暴发疫情的感染传播因素和扩散方式,了解感染扩散的传播链及其构成比。[结果]共发生感染和病例159例,罹患率8.33%;存在密切接触、饮食或饮水的混合感染方式传播,但以密切接触的方式传播为主,占64.15%,经饮水或饮食方式传播占35.85%;传播链主要为:班-宿舍(混合宿舍)-班-宿舍(混合宿舍)的密切接触方式传播。学校基本办学条件和卫生状况比较差,疫情的发现和报告不及时,末能及时采取有效控制措施,甲肝疫苗免疫空白是疫情传播扩散的重要原因。[结论]感染传播方式的构成比可能与疫情的发生发展及疫情的控制措施效果有关。
[Objective] To explore the factors of spreading and spreading of outbreak of hepatitis A virus in schools and provide a scientific basis for making control measures of epidemic situation. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to investigate and analyze the cases of outbreak of hepatitis A virus. Emphasis was placed on the analysis of transmission factors and spreading patterns of hepatitis A outbreak, and the transmission chain and its constituent ratio. [Results] There were 159 cases of infection and the rate of attack was 8.33%. There was a mixed infection with close contact, diet or drinking water, but it was mainly transmitted by close contact, accounting for 64.15% 35.85%; communication chain mainly: class - dormitory (mixed dormitory) - class - dormitory (mixed quarters) in close contact with the spread. The basic conditions of school running and health conditions are relatively poor, the outbreak of the discovery and reporting is not timely, and can take timely and effective control measures, hepatitis A vaccination blank is an important reason for the spread of the epidemic. [Conclusion] The constituent ratio of infection transmission may be related to the occurrence and development of epidemic situation and the effect of control measures of epidemic situation.