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用15N示踪技术研究了沟灌和滴灌对温室番茄栽培尿素氮的利用及其在土壤中残留的影响。结果表明,滴灌处理番茄对15N肥料利用率是11.5%(地上部分),沟灌处理15N肥料利用率是7.4%。滴灌处理番茄所吸收的15N肥料量比沟灌处理提高了56.3%,灌溉方式对肥料15N在果实、茎、叶中的分配比例没有明显影响。0~100cm土层中15N肥料残留量滴灌处理为143.1kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的63.6%,沟灌处理残留量为133.0kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的59.1%;其中在0~20cm表土层中残留的肥料氮最多,沟灌和滴灌分别达到了79.9kg/hm2和97.3kg/hm2,占0~100cm土层肥料氮残留总量60.1%和68.0%。沟灌处理肥料氮的损失量为75.5kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的33.5%;滴灌处理肥料氮的损失量为56.0kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的24.9%。
The effects of furrow irrigation and drip irrigation on the growth of urea nitrogen in greenhouse tomatoes and their residues in soil were studied by 15N tracer technique. The results showed that the drip irrigation tomato utilization rate of 15N fertilizer was 11.5% (aerial part), and the furrow irrigation 15N fertilizer utilization rate was 7.4%. The amount of 15N fertilizer absorbed by drip irrigation tomato was 56.3% higher than that of furrow irrigation. There was no significant effect of irrigation mode on the distribution ratio of fertilizer 15N in the fruit, stem and leaf. In the 0-100 cm soil layer, the 15N fertilizer residues were dripped at 143.1 kg / hm2, accounting for 63.6% of the nitrogen fertilizer input. The residual furrow irrigation amount was 133.0 kg / hm2, accounting for 59.1% of the nitrogen fertilizer input. The residual nitrogen fertilizer in the layer was the highest, with furrow irrigation and drip irrigation reaching 79.9kg / hm2 and 97.3kg / hm2, respectively, accounting for 60.1% and 68.0% of the total nitrogen residues in 0-100cm soil layer. Ditch irrigation treatment of nitrogen loss of 75.5kg / hm2, accounting for 33.5% of nitrogen input; drip irrigation fertilizer nitrogen loss of 56.0kg / hm2, accounting for 24.9% of nitrogen fertilizer input.