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以上海过去几十年农用化学品使用为研究对象,深入分析了上海化肥、农药和地膜等农用化学品的使用历史演变及其驱动因素。结果表明,上海化肥使用量和使用水平总体上不断提高,主要由作物产量驱动;农药使用量和使用水平在经历大量使用的阶段以后逐步趋于稳定,主要受耕地面积减少和病虫害发生的影响而变动较大;地膜使用量基本保持平稳,但使用水平不断降低,主要与地膜的高强度低厚度发展有关。文章同时针对上海农用化学品使用存在的问题和污染风险,提出了相应的污染防治对策。
Taking the use of agrochemicals in Shanghai over the past several decades as the research object, the historical evolution and driving forces of the use of agrochemicals such as Shanghai chemical fertilizers, pesticides and plastic films were analyzed in depth. The results showed that the amount and level of fertilizer use in Shanghai generally increased continuously, which was mainly driven by crop yield. The amount and level of pesticide used tended to be stable after being heavily used, mainly due to the decrease of cultivated land area and the occurrence of pests and diseases The change was relatively large; the amount of plastic film used remained stable, but the level of use continued to decrease, mainly due to the development of high strength and low thickness of the film. At the same time, the article aims at the problems existing in the use of agricultural chemicals in Shanghai and the risk of pollution, and puts forward the corresponding pollution prevention and control measures.