马克思对经济现象的分析包含着历史的、社会的以及人学的理解。在此意义上 ,马克思把制度理解为个人交往的历史的产物 ,把制度变迁理解为经济制度、社会制度以及人的存在和发展制度的互动变迁。马克思通过对制度变迁的历史考察 ,揭示了人类社会三种所有制度的存在形式 :原始个人所有制——异己所有制——社会个人所有制。由是 ,马克思制度变迁的基本思想为 :生产力要素、生产关系要素以及以生产方式为基础的社会形态的变迁 ,其核心是重建“社会个人所有制”。马克思关于未来社会所有制的构想与现行“教科书”关于共产主义公有制不同。这一构想对完善中国特色社会主义的社会形态具有重要的制度哲学和唯物史观意义 Marx’s analysis of economic phenomena contains the historical, social and human understanding. In this sense, Marx understood the system as the product of the history of personal contacts, and understood the changes of the system as the interactive changes of the economic system, the social system and the system of human existence and development. Through the historical investigation of the institutional changes, Marx reveals the existence forms of all three systems of human society: primitive individual ownership-alien ownership-social individual ownership. The reason is that the basic idea of ​​the Marxist institutional transition is: the elements of productive forces, the elements of production relations, and the changes of social forms based on the mode of production. The core of this is the reconstruction of “social individual ownership.” Marx’s conception of future social ownership is different from that of the current “textbook” on communism’s public ownership. This conception has important institutional philosophy and historical materialism significance to perfect the social form of socialism with Chinese characteristics