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采用框栽试验方法,在施用等量氮(纯N 50 kg.hm-2)条件下设置基肥一次性施用(对照);R3或R4期一次性追肥;启动氮15 kg加R3或R4期追氮35 kg共5个处理,研究启动氮加追肥对氮在大豆体内积累分配规律及产量的影响。结果表明,在R5期,与对照相比,启动氮15 kg加R4期追氮35 kg处理叶片N积累量减少11.5%,荚果N积累量增加36.6%(P<0.05);而根系N积累量增加21.7%(P<0.05),根瘤N积累量增加64.2%(P<0.05),表明启动氮加追肥处理N运转通畅,可以满足籽粒充实期大豆对氮素的需求。在R4～R8期,启动氮加R3或R4期追氮处理的氮积累量分别比基肥一次性施用处理增加82.6%和105%(P<0.01)。启动氮加R3或R4期追氮35 kg处理单株粒数分别较对照增加14.8%和15.8%(P<0.01),产量分别增加17.6%和19.9%(P<0.01)。大豆植株R4～R8期氮积累量与产量呈极显著正相关(r=0.795**),提高结荚鼓粒期后大豆氮素积累量是增加大豆产量的关键。
The box-planting test was used to set up a single application of basal fertilizer under the same amount of nitrogen (pure N 50 kg.hm-2). One-time top dressing with R3 or R4; Nitrogen 15 kg plus R3 or R4 Nitrogen 35 kg total of five treatments to study the nitrogen and top dressing on nitrogen accumulation and distribution of nitrogen in the law and the impact of yield. The results showed that in the stage R5, compared with the control, the accumulation of N in the leaves increased by 36.6% (P < (P <0.05). The accumulation of nodule N increased by 64.2% (P <0.05), which indicated that nitrogen application and nitrogen fertilizer treatment could smooth the nitrogen supply to soybean during the grain filling stage. During R4 ~ R8, nitrogen accumulation in nitrogen-supplemented R3 or R4 increased by 82.6% and 105% (P <0.01), respectively, over the one-time application of basal fertilizer. The grain number per plant increased by 14.8% and 15.8% (P <0.01) and the yield increased by 17.6% and 19.9% (P <0.01), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.795 **) between nitrogen accumulation of soybean plants at R4 ~ R8 stage and soybean yield. The key to increasing soybean accumulation after soybean seedling stage was increasing nitrogen accumulation.