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本文利用四臂嗅觉计测定了雌性棉蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebia japonica对棉蚜四种寄主植物新鲜叶片、棉蚜和几种挥发性次生化合物的嗅觉反应,结果表明新鲜棉叶片和棉蚜的气味对棉蚜茧蜂有强烈的吸引作用,两者相混合使吸引作用明显增强;切碎的叶片比未切碎的叶片更具吸引作用。所测试的四种挥发性物质β-caryophyllene、heptanol、benzaldehyde和β-pinene,在浓度为0.01(体积分数)时,只有benzaldebyde对棉蚜茧蜂具有吸引作用,β-caryopbyllene和β-pinene对棉蚜茧蜂的吸引作用不明显,而heptanol对该蜂具有排斥作用。β-pinene在浓度为1(体积分数)时,也对该蜂具有排斥作用。对于棉蚜的四种寄主植物棉花、黄瓜、南瓜和丝瓜的完整叶片,棉蚜茧蜂只对棉花叶片产生定向反应,而对其它三种瓜类叶片没有反应。根据上述结果可以推知嗅觉在寄生蜂的寄主寻找过程中起着重要作用,绿叶气味物质和寄主气味可能是寄生蜂寻找寄主的远距离化学线索。棉蚜茧蜂对寄主定向是识别了特定化学指纹图谱,单一的某种化合物在寄主定向过程中所起的作用并不象预测的那样重要,而且组成图谱的物质并不是简单地混合在一起,而是相互作用,或加强或抑制。羽化前经历能够对寄生蜂的行为产生较大影响。
In this paper, the olfactory response of Lysiphlebia japonica to the fresh leaves, cotton aphids and several volatile secondary compounds of four host plants of cotton aphids was determined using a four-arm olfactometer. The results showed that the odors of fresh cotton leaves and cotton aphid were Aphis gossypii had a strong attraction, and the combination of the two had a marked increase of attraction; shredded leaves were more attractive than unhulled leaves. The four volatiles tested were β-caryophyllene, heptanol, benzaldehyde and β-pinene. At the concentration of 0.01 (volume fraction), only benzaldebyde attracted the cotton aphid. The effect of β-caryopbyllene and β-pinene on cotton Aphid Braconidae attraction is not obvious, and heptanol on the bee has a repulsive effect. β-pinene also has a repulsive effect on this bee at a concentration of 1 (volume fraction). For the four host plants of cotton aphid, the complete leaves of cotton, cucumber, pumpkin and sponge gourd, Aphis gossypii had only directional response to cotton leaves, but no reaction to the other three kinds of melon leaves. According to the above results, it can be inferred that olfaction plays an important role in the host-finding process of parasitoids, and the odor of green leaf and host odor may be long-distance chemical clues of the parasitoids looking for hosts. Aphidus aphidicornis to the host orientation is to identify a specific chemical fingerprint, a single compound in the host orientation of the role played is not as important as predicted, and the composition of the map material is not simply mixed together, But interact, or strengthen or inhibit. Pre-emergence experiences can have a significant impact on the behavior of parasitoid bees.