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目的 调查唐山大地震所致孤儿的心理创伤后应激障碍的发生情况。方法 应用中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第 2版修订本中的急性应激反应 (ASR)和心理创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)诊断标准 ,于 1998年 3月对 5 7例地震所致孤儿进行诊断 ,按有无PTSD分为患者组和正常组 ,采用焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、明尼苏达多相个性测查表 (MMPI)等进行测评和比较。结果 5 7例中有 2 7例 (47% )符合ASR诊断标准 ,13例 (2 3% )符合PTSD诊断标准。与正常组比较 ,患者组SAS的总粗分和标准总分高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对支持的利用度分低 (P <0 0 1) ,SCL 90总分、躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑因子分高 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ,MMPI效度量表K值低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,临床量表妄想量表分和社会内向分高 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。结论 大地震所致孤儿是发生PTSD的高危个体。
Objective To investigate the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in orphans caused by the Tangshan earthquake. Methods The diagnostic criteria of acute stress response (ASR) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the revised edition of the second edition of the Chinese Classification of Mental Illnesses and Diagnostic Criteria were applied. In March 1998, 57 orphans The patients were divided into the patient group and the normal group according to the presence or absence of PTSD. SAS, SCL 90, MMPI, etc. were used to evaluate and compare the results. . Results 57 of 47 cases (47%) met the ASR diagnostic criteria and 13 (23%) met the PTSD diagnostic criteria. Compared with the normal group, SAS patients had higher total score and standard score (P <0.05), lower supportive utilization (P <0.01), SCL 90 total score, somatization, coercion, (P <0.05), the K value of MMPI validity scale was low (P <0.05), the clinical scale delusional scale score and social inward sub-high score (P <0.05) 0 0 1). Conclusion The orphans caused by the earthquake are high risk individuals with PTSD.