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前现代反垄断法是指世界各国在1890年之前存在的各种反垄断的法律。在英美法系国家,前现代反垄断法以判例法为主,也有少量成文法,在欧洲大陆法系国家,前现代反垄断法主要体现为民法典和刑法典中的零星规定。我国自唐朝《唐律》开始,直到清朝,在综合性的法典中都包含有反垄断的条款。中外前现代反垄断法具有一些共同特征,主要包括:立法技术均较为原始;目标设定均较为含混;规制对象的范围均较为狭窄;制裁手段均较为单一;执行机构设置均较为简单。与此同时,我国与欧美各国的前现代反垄断法也在目标设定、规制对象、执行机构以及制裁手段等方面存在较大的差异。从前现代反垄断法与现代反垄断法的连接关系上看,一方面,前现代反垄断法对现代反垄断法发挥了显著的历史铺垫作用,为现代反垄断法提供了观念基础和制度基础。另一方面,现代反垄断法又实质性地超越了前现代反垄断法:现代反垄断法更侧重经济目标;现代反垄断法的规制对象范围大为拓宽;现代反垄断法在实施主体方面有了突出的创新;现代反垄断法的制裁手段更为丰富。
The pre-modern antitrust law refers to all kinds of antitrust laws that existed in all countries in the world before 1890. In the Anglo-American legal system countries, pre-modern antitrust laws are dominated by case law and a small number of written laws. In European continental legal systems, the pre-modern antitrust laws are mainly reflected in the sporadic provisions of the Civil Code and Criminal Code. Since the Tang Dynasty “Tang Law” began in our country, antitrust clauses were included in the comprehensive code until the Qing Dynasty. The antitrust laws of the pre-modern Chinese and foreign countries have some common features, mainly including: the legislative technology is relatively primitive; the objective setting is relatively vague; the scope of the regulatory objects is relatively narrow; the sanctions are relatively simple; and the implementing agencies are relatively simple. At the same time, the pre-modern antitrust laws of our country, Europe and the United States also have big differences in setting goals, regulating objects, implementing agencies and sanctions. On the one hand, the pre-modern antitrust law has played a significant historical paving-in role in the modern antitrust law and provided the conceptual foundation and institutional foundation for the modern antitrust law, based on the connection between the modern antitrust law and the modern antitrust law. On the other hand, the modern antitrust law substantially surpasses the pre-modern antitrust law: the modern antitrust law places more emphasis on the economic goal; the scope of the object of the modern antitrust law is broadened considerably; and the modern antitrust law has Outstanding innovation; the modern anti-monopoly law more abundant means of sanctions.