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物种概念是生物学的核心问题,而在化石鉴定中的应用存在诸多困难和分歧。本文介绍生物学物种概念在古生物学研究中的优点、难点与必要性。近年来,生物学物种概念已被古生物学家们广泛接受,居群和种内变异的重要性越来越受到重视。文章以二叠纪牙形类和腕足类化石种等为例,探讨如何在厘定物种、建立新种和使用亚种概念时,运用生物学物种概念及其延伸出来的各个标准。文章还讨论生物学物种在不同门类中的适用情况。认为在后生动物中,生物学物种可以得到较好的验证,在化石鉴定中,要尽量识别每一个种的发育序列和充分考虑种内变异,这样鉴定的化石种具有较高的地层对比价值,应当尽量避免仅仅根据个别标本的形态特征鉴定化石物种。
Species concept is the core issue of biology, and there are many difficulties and differences in the application of fossil identification. This article describes the advantages, difficulties and imperatives of the concept of biological species in paleontology. In recent years, the concept of biological species has been widely accepted by paleontologists, and the importance of population variation and intraspecific variation has gained more and more attention. Taking Permian teratoid and brachiopod fossil species as an example, this article explores how to apply the concepts of biological species and their extended criteria in determining species, establishing new species and using subspecies concepts. The article also discusses the application of biological species in different categories. It is considered that in the metazoan, the biological species can be well verified. In fossil identification, it is necessary to identify the developmental sequence of each species as much as possible and take into account the intraspecific variation. The fossil species thus identified have higher stratigraphic contrast value, Fossil species should be avoided as far as possible based on the morphological characteristics of individual specimens.