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津巴布韦国内有关河道环境需水量的计算方法与应用研究很少,本文首先借用南非诺德大学水研究中心研制的Hughes模型(该模型曾用于南非境内河流的河道生态需水流量的初步计算),进行环境需水量的评估计算;然后在水库模拟计算中引入环境需水量因子,研制开发了Waflex模型。研究的主要问题包括:(1)Hughes模型确定的环境需水量能否直接应用于水库模拟和库容分配计算?(2)能否根据天然实测流量资料直接计算环境需水量?(3)能否采用库容分配法直接给环境需水量分配水权?研究的主要成果与结论包括:(1)虽然在现在用水条件下,奥斯本大坝下游奥济河环境需水量容易得到满足,但随着下游河道未来用水量的增加,所要求的有效下泄环境流量也会显著增加;(2)提出了环境需水量的近似估算方法;(3)库容分配法既可以增加公众财产管理的透明度,又可以给环境需水量分配水权;(4)Waflex模型为流域管理和大坝运行人员提供了具有实用性与指导性的环境需水量计算方法。
In Zimbabwe, there are few studies on the calculation methods and application of environmental water demand in the rivers. This paper first borrows the Hughes model developed by the Water Research Center of Nord-Sud University in South Africa (this model was used to calculate the ecological water demand of rivers in South Africa) Then, the environmental water requirement is introduced into the reservoir simulation calculation and the Waflex model is developed. The main research questions include: (1) Can the environmental water demand determined by Hughes model be applied directly to reservoir simulation and storage capacity allocation calculation? (2) Can we directly calculate the environmental water demand based on natural measured flow data? (3) The main results and conclusions of the study include: (1) Although the water demand of the Ozil River downstream of the Osborne Dam can be easily met under current water use conditions, as the downstream (2) An approximate estimation method of environmental water demand is proposed; (3) The storage capacity allocation method can not only increase the transparency of public property management, but also give Environmental water demand; (4) Waflex model provides practical and instructive environmental water demand calculation method for river basin management and dam operators.