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叠合盆地海相碳酸盐岩介质油气运聚机理是叠合盆地油气勘探必须解决的关键问题之一。塔中83井区原油和天然气产量在NE向断层与NW向断层的交会部位异常高,而随着远离断层交会部位逐渐降低,并沿构造脊展布,这一点违背传统的背斜核部富气而翼部富油的模式。基于碳酸盐岩表生岩溶的相关研究成果,建立了表生岩溶缝洞体系的基本模型。在分析油气在表生岩溶缝洞体系运聚过程的基础上,认为复杂缝洞体系中油气的差异运聚原理是产生这种现象的关键。油气在表生岩溶缝洞体系中运移时,总是要先将临近油气充注点的孔隙或缝洞充满至其溢出点后,才能继续向远处运移,并沿油气运移路径顺次充满远处的孔洞缝体系,导致:①近油气注入点富气,而远油气注入点富油;②油水关系复杂并受侧向联通通道的控制,这种模式与塔中油气的分布规律非常吻合。基于此,认为研究区断层的交会部位是油气的注入点,油气运移的主输导通道沿构造脊展布。岩溶缝洞体系差异运聚模式提示:①对缝洞体系的油气勘探应首先刻画缝洞体系的结构,在分析油气注入点和主输导通道的基础上才能对油水关系进行很好的预测;②应坚定油气注入点和主输导通道附近圈闭的勘探,不要因局部圈闭的失利而否认整个勘探区带。
The mechanism of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in marine carbonate media in superimposed basins is one of the key problems that must be solved in oil and gas exploration in superimposed basins. The production of crude oil and natural gas in well Tazhong 83 is abnormally high at the intersection of the NE fault and the NW fault, and gradually decreases along the junction away from the fault and extends along the tectonic ridges, which violates the traditional anticlinorium Gas and wings rich mode. Based on the related research results of carbonate karst epikarst, the basic model of epikarst cave system was established. Based on the analysis of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in supergene karst cave systems, it is considered that the principle of differential transport and accumulation of hydrocarbons in complex fracture-cave systems is the key to this phenomenon. When migrating in the epikarst cave system, the oil and gas should always fill the pores or fractures adjacent to the oil and gas filling points to their spill point before they can continue to migrate to the distant areas and move along the path of hydrocarbon migration Filled with fissure systems in distant places, resulting in: (1) rich gas near the point of injection of oil and rich oil at the far point of injection of oil and gas; (2) the relationship between oil and water is complicated and controlled by lateral communication channels; Very consistent. Based on this, it is considered that the intersection of faults in the study area is the injection point of oil and gas, and the main channel of hydrocarbon migration is distributed along the tectonic ridges. The different modes of migration and accumulation of karst cave systems suggest that: (1) The oil and gas exploration of the fracture-cave system should first characterize the structure of the fracture-cave system, and the relationship between oil and water can be well predicted based on the analysis of oil and gas injection points and main guide channels; ② The oil and gas injection points and the exploration of traps near the main guide channels should be strengthened. Do not deny the entire exploration zone because of the loss of partial traps.