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有关《论法的精神》中出现的理性与经验的冲突已经成为孟德斯鸠研究当中的一个经典问题。学者们发现,在《论法的精神》一书中,孟德斯鸠一方面,主张人为法必须遵守自然法,另一方面,又主张人为法必须遵循法的精神,由此导致法律的普适性与地方性之争。本文通过一般与特殊、一元与多元这两对视角,就孟德斯鸠如何消解理性与经验之间的冲突展开分析,最终发现,在这对冲突的背后乃是价值之间的冲突,而孟德斯鸠试图在理性与经验之间保持一种张力,实为平衡价值冲突之举。
The conflict between reason and experience appearing in the “spirit of the law” has become a classic issue in the study of Montesquieu. Scholars found that in the book The Spirit of Law, Montesquieu, on the one hand, advocated that man-made law must obey the law of nature and on the other hand, advocated that man-made law must follow the spirit of law, Suitability and local controversy. Through two perspectives of generality and specialization, one yuan and pluralism, this article analyzes how Montesquieu dispels the conflict between reason and experience, and finally finds that behind the conflict is the conflict between values. Desiutheri tried to maintain a tension between reason and experience, in fact, to balance the value of the move.