目的对1例手足口病重症死亡病例及其密接者病原标本进行分子生物学研究。方法对死亡病例及密接者咽拭子标本进行手足口病毒核酸检测和VP1基因分析。结果该死亡病例和密接者之一咽拭子标本检出EV71核酸阳性,VP1基因仅存在一个碱基差异,蛋白质相差一个氨基酸,同源性较高。结论该死亡病例与密接者病毒来源相近,同属C4亚型,后者携带病毒但不发病,在疾病防控中应予以关注。 Objective To study the molecular biology of a case of severe death of hand-foot-mouth disease and pathogenic specimens of its close contacts. Methods Hand-foot-mouth virus nucleic acid detection and VP1 gene analysis were performed on the deaths and intimate throat swab specimens. Results The EV71 nucleic acid was positive in one of the throat swab specimens and one of the dead cases and intima. The VP1 gene only had one base difference, the protein was one amino acid difference, and the homology was high. Conclusions The deaths are similar to those of the invaders, belonging to the same subtype of C4. The latter carries the virus but not the disease, and should be paid attention to in the prevention and control of the disease.