在核电站的建设中,须用大量的混凝土构筑成防辐射的大型防护体,其厚度通常为6 m。一座核电站的使用寿命,有的国家规定为40年,早期兴建的核电站经长期运转已陆续进入报废期。随着报废核电站的增加,作为报废核电站所发生的废弃物,以受核辐射污染的混凝土量最大,如何处理和再利用已成为报废核电站解体工程中的一大问题。1混凝土受核辐射的机理在核反应堆中发生的中子因有混凝土防护体隔离而衰减,从而使外部的辐射水平保持在安全范围 In the construction of nuclear power plants, a large amount of concrete shall be used to construct a large radiation protection body with a thickness of usually 6 m. The useful life of a nuclear power station, some state regulations for 40 years, the early construction of nuclear power plants have been gradually moved into long-term retirement phase. With the increase of scrapped nuclear power plants, the amount of concrete contaminated by nuclear radiation is the largest waste generated by scrapped nuclear power plants. How to deal with and reuse them has become a major issue in the dismantling of scrapped nuclear power plants. 1 Mechanism of nuclear radiation by concrete The neutrons that occur in the nuclear reactor are attenuated by the isolation of the concrete body so that the external radiation level remains within the safe range