先天性缺牙是人类牙列中最常见的发育异常,目前研究显示其发生与遗传因素有关,是一种受环境影响的多基因遗传病。多数牙先天性缺失指不包括第三磨牙在内的6颗或6颗以上的牙齿缺失,按表型不同可分为非综合征型和综合征型。临床上对综合征型病例报道较多,非综合征型多数牙先天缺失却鲜见报道。本文对一例非综合症型18颗恒牙先天性缺失的诊治进行了分析探讨。 Congenital edentulous is the most common developmental abnormality in human dentition. The current research shows that it is related to genetic factors and is an environmental polygenic disease. Most congenital tooth loss refers to the absence of the third molar, including 6 or more teeth missing, according to the different phenotype can be divided into non-syndrome and syndrome type. Clinical reports of more cases of syndrome, most non-syndromic tooth defects are rarely reported. This article analyzes the diagnosis and treatment of a case of non-syndromic 18 permanent teeth congenital loss.