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支气管哮喘是一种气道的慢性炎症性疾病，其发病机制复杂，近年来重症哮喘中性粒细胞胞外杀菌网络(neutrophil extracellular traps，Nets)参与哮喘的发病机制引起越来越多研究者的关注。支气管哮喘根据表型和内型的不同分为变应性哮喘与非变应性哮喘。变应性哮喘是由于Th1/Th2细胞因子免疫调节失衡导致，参与的细胞涉及Th2细胞、Ⅱ型固有淋巴样细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、免疫球蛋白E等。非变应性哮喘是由内源性中性粒细胞和IL-17介导的途径激活所致，参与的细胞涉及Th1/Th17细胞、中性粒细胞、Ⅲ型固有淋巴样细胞等。两种形式哮喘通过各自细胞群及产生的细胞因子参与气道炎症、气道高反应性及气道重塑。该文对两种形式哮喘的发病机制进行论述。“,”Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway, and its pathogenesis is complex.Recently, more and more researchers pay attention to the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)and neutrophil cytoplasm in the pathogenesis of severe asthma.According to the difference of phenotype and internal type, it can be divided into allergic asthma and non-allergic asthma.Allergic asthma is caused by the imbalance of immune regulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines, involving Th2 cells, type Ⅱ innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, immunoglobulin E, etc.Non-allergic asthma is due to the abnormality of endogenous neutrophils and the activation of IL-17-mediated pathway, involving Th1/Th17 cells, neutrophils, type Ⅲ innate lymphoid cells, inflammation-related molecules and so on.The two forms of asthma ultimately mediate airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling through the participation of their respective cell populations and cytokines.Through the comparison of the participating cells of the two forms of asthma, it can guide us to better understand the non-allergic asthma in which neutrophils are involved.