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文章运用中国1990～2010年基于33个ICS标准分类组的面板数据,实证分析了技术标准对于中美双边贸易规模的影响。研究发现,强制性的国家标准、自愿性的国际标准均促进了中国向美国的出口,并且前者的边际促进效应大于后者。自愿性的国际标准还有利于中美之间实现贸易盈余。强制性的国家标准、自愿性的国家标准分别对中国来自美国的进口、中国向美国的出口产生了负面影响,前者对于进口贸易的抑制作用大于后者对于出口贸易的抑制作用。为了促进中国对外贸易发展,中国应保障国家标准的编制质量和水平,优化标准体系的结构,并进一步提高标准化体系的国际化程度。
Based on the panel data of 33 ICS classification groups from 1990 to 2010 in China, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of technical standards on the bilateral trade scale between China and the United States. The study found that compulsory national standards and voluntary international standards all promote China’s exports to the United States, and the former has more marginal promotion effect than the latter. Voluntary international standards are also conducive to achieving a trade surplus between China and the United States. Mandatory national standards and voluntary national standards have negatively affected China’s imports from the United States and China’s exports to the United States respectively. The former has a greater inhibitory effect on the import trade than the latter on the export trade. In order to promote the development of China’s foreign trade, China should guarantee the quality and standard of compiling national standards, optimize the structure of the standard system, and further enhance the internationalization of the standardization system.