近年来,食品、药品、环境等中的因素引起的对DNA损伤、染色体畸变等癌变越来越多,对这些胁迫因子的检测也越来越有必要。DNA损伤一般通过遗传毒性试验检测,随着分子生物学技术的发展,各种遗传毒性试验方法也在不断的改进。本文阐述了常用的6种遗传毒性检测方法,并对各种方法的原理以及应用进行了综述。 In recent years, cancer, such as DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations, caused by factors in food, medicine, environment and the like have become more and more numerous, and the detection of these stress factors is becoming more and more necessary. DNA damage is usually detected by genotoxicity tests. With the development of molecular biology techniques, a variety of genotoxicity testing methods are constantly being improved. This article describes the commonly used 6 kinds of genotoxicity detection methods, and the principles and applications of the various methods are reviewed.