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大豆是人类最重要的植物蛋白和油脂来源。提高大豆蛋白质及脂肪含量一直是大豆品质育种的重要研究方向。采用NIR检测方法,对77份大豆微核心种质进行蛋白质及脂肪含量分析,探讨微核心种质蛋白质及脂肪含量的遗传变异特性及其与主要农艺性状的相关性,为种质利用及品质育种提供依据。结果表明,蛋白质含量和脂肪含量在品种间和生态区间均存在极显著的差异,变异丰富;蛋白质含量和脂肪含量的变异幅度为40.68%~50.03%和13.81%~21.51%,平均含量为45.95%和17.42%,变异系数为4.42%和7.96%;不同生态区品种蛋白质含量为南方品种>黄淮海品种>北方品种>国外品种,脂肪含量则相反。蛋白质含量与脂肪含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.825**),与单株粒数和单株荚数呈极显著和显著负相关(r=-0.205**,r=-0.156*),与底荚高度呈极显著正相关(r=0.240**)。主成分分析显示,4个主成分可解释82.25%信息,分别为产量构成因子、品质因子、株型因子和粒重因子。
Soy is the most important source of plant protein and fat in humans. Increasing soybean protein and fat content has always been an important research direction for soybean quality breeding. The NIR detection method was used to analyze the protein and fat content in 77 soybean microcarrier germplasm. The genetic variation characteristics of protein and fat content of microcarrier germplasm and its correlation with the main agronomic traits were discussed. Provide evidence. The results showed that there were significant differences in protein content and fat content between cultivars and ecotypes, with abundant variation. The variation range of protein content and fat content were 40.68% ~ 50.03% and 13.81% ~ 21.51% with the average content of 45.95% And 17.42% respectively. The coefficient of variation was 4.42% and 7.96%. The protein content of different ecotypes was southern variety> Huang-Huaihai variety> northern variety> foreign variety, while the fat content was the opposite. There was a significant and negative correlation between protein content and fat content (r = -0.825 **), and a significant and significant negative correlation (r = -0.205 **, r = -0.156 *) between grain number per plant and pods per plant , And extremely significant positive correlation with the height of the bottom pod (r = 0.240 **). The principal component analysis showed that the four principal components could explain 82.25% of the information, which were yield components, quality factors, plant type factors and grain weight factors.