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田间模拟施肥进步和灌溉模式的定位试验在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站进行。结果表明施肥制度和水分管理模式显著地影响水分和养分的转化过程和生产效益。单施N的产量效应为4.5 kg/kg,而NP或NPK配施养分总的产量效应分别为8.8 kg/kg和8.0 kg/kg;有机物料循环的增产率为56.8%,在有机物料循环的基础上配施NPK化肥最大的增产率可达到80.1%;化肥应用的进步可使水稻产量增长62.5%或通过施肥实现的水稻产量中由于化肥应用所占的贡献份额为38.4%,有机无机肥配合水稻产量增长80.1%,或通过施肥达到的产量中有机无机肥配合所占的份额为44.4%。本区双季稻年灌溉需水量为5838 m3/hm2,年变异C.V = 8.3%。晚稻灌溉占全年的71%,7~9月是灌溉需水高峰期,占全年灌溉量的68%。生产灌溉效率(灌溉水量与产量之比):生物量3.67 kg/m3,精谷量1.48 kg/m3。常规管理田间水分分配为:蒸散占1/2,翻耕整地占1/6,植物构成占1/21,田间渗漏占1/14,其它环境耗水(维持) 占1/5。耕灌雨养管理翻耕整地和田间渗漏比例过高。不同灌溉处理试验表明:双季稻生产的灌溉,以早稻保持水层灌溉,晚稻按需配额灌溉的模式比较适宜。
The field experiment of simulated fertilization and irrigation mode was conducted at Taoyuan Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results showed that fertilization system and water management mode significantly affected the conversion process of water and nutrients and production efficiency. The yield effect of single application of N was 4.5 kg / kg, while the total yield of NP or NPK was 8.8 kg / kg and 8.0 kg / kg respectively. The yield of organic material recycling was 56.8% Based on the application of NPK fertilizers, the maximum yield can reach 80.1%; advances in fertilizer application can increase the yield of rice by 62.5% or the share of contribution of fertilizers due to fertilizer application is 38.4%; organic and inorganic fertilizers Rice production increased by 80.1%, or the proportion of organic-inorganic fertilizers produced by fertilization was 44.4%. The irrigation water requirement for double cropping rice in this area is 5838 m3 / hm2, annual variation C.V = 8.3%. Irrigation in late rice accounts for 71% of the whole year. From July to September, it is the peak of irrigation water demand, accounting for 68% of the annual irrigation. Production irrigation efficiency (ratio of irrigation water to production): 3.67 kg / m3 biomass, 1.48 kg / m3 concentrate. Routine management of field water allocation: evapotranspiration accounted for 1/2, tillage land preparation accounted for 1/6, plant composition accounted for 1/21, field leakage accounted for 1/14, other environmental water consumption (maintenance) accounted for 1/5. Tillage irrigation management Tillage land preparation and field leakage is too high. Different irrigation treatments showed that the irrigation patterns of double cropping rice, early rice paddy maintaining water layer and late rice cropping on an as - needed basis were more suitable.