1957年,苏联成功发射了世界上第一颗人造地球卫星,宣告了人类空间时代的到来。从1958年开始,美、苏超级大国为了争夺空间霸权和开展冷战对抗的需要,在月球探测与载人登月领域展开了激烈的竞赛。1958年,美国先后发射了“先驱者”号系列的4个月球探测器,苏联发射了“月球”号系列的3个探测器,但全部失败了。1959年,美、苏两国发射了6个月球探测器,苏联实现了探测器在月球上硬着陆 In 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the world’s first man-made earth satellite, proclaiming the advent of the human space era. Since 1958, the United States and Soviet superpowers have fiercely contested the lunar exploration and manned lunar landing in order to compete for space hegemony and carry out the Cold War confrontation. In 1958, the United States launched 4 lunar probes of the “Pioneer” series and the Soviet Union launched three probes of the “Moon” series, but all failed. In 1959, the United States and the Soviet Union launched six lunar rover, the Soviet Union realized the hard landing of the lunar probe