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坎儿井在吐鲁番地区灌溉、人畜饮水和环境保护等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。坎儿井常年自流出水,非灌溉期间水量除满足很少的生活用水以外,大部分水量无效蒸发而白白浪费。该文在分析吐鲁番地区坎儿井地质条件和坎儿井独特的运行机制的基础上,提出坎儿井水量人为控制技术——辐射管增水和水量控制技术。该技术的主要思想是:衬砌加固坎儿井集水段,并在集水段头部打设水平方向辐射管,改原坎儿井侧壁集水为辐射管集水,并在衬砌体内各个辐射管出水口接到一个汇水总管上,总管末端设置节制阀门,用于人为控制水量;利用立体建模的方法建立了增设辐射管的坎儿井渗流计算三维模型,论证了该技术的可行性。结果表明:利用辐射井技术改造后的坎儿井,集水范围扩大,单个坎儿井出水流量可以达到原来的2倍以上,效果十分明显;设置节制阀能够克服坎儿井水量无法控制的缺陷,是保护吐鲁番地区十分珍贵的地下水资源的有效手段。该技术的推广对坎儿井地下水资源的涵养与坎儿井保护具有重要意义。
Karez wells in Turpan irrigation, drinking water and environmental protection and other aspects play an irreplaceable role. Since 1997, KARL can produce perennial self-effluent water, most of which is ineffectively vaporized and wasted in spite of the fact that during the non-irrigation period, except for a small amount of domestic water, Based on the analysis of the Karez geological conditions and the unique operation mechanism of Karez in Turpan region, this paper puts forward the man-made control technology of Karewell water volume - radiant tube water control and water quantity control. The main idea of this technology is: to reinforce the KAR’s water-collecting section in the lining, and to set up a horizontal radiation pipe at the head of the catchment section, to change the catchment water on the side wall of the Karewell well to catch water from the radiation pipe, Received a sink on the Explorer, set the control valve at the end of the Explorer for artificially control the amount of water; the use of three-dimensional modeling method to establish a three-dimensional model of Kanar well seepage calculation of the additional radiation pipe to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology. The results show that the use of radial well technology transformation of Karez wells, catchment range to expand, a single Kanye well effluent flow can be achieved more than twice the original, the effect is very obvious; set a control valve can overcome the Karez water volume can not control the defect is to protect the Turpan region Effective means of precious groundwater resources. The promotion of this technology is of great significance for the conservation of Karez well groundwater resources and the protection of Karez wells.