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灾民是在自然灾害和社会灾害中,受到伤害而处于困难之中的社会弱势群体。灾民权利作为人道权,属于人权范畴,其根植于人道主义,依托于人权思想,不仅有其法律依据,也有其深厚的道德伦理基础,更是人类保护弱势群体的需要。灾民权利内容广泛,宏观上表现为以生命权和生存权保障为核心的人权,微观上有用水、卫生、营养、食品、居住条件和医疗服务需要等方面的特殊保护要求。作为人道权的灾民权利实现需要国家、国际组织及个人的共同努力,需要立法、司法、行政方面不同机制的保障。
Victims are vulnerable social groups who have been harmed in natural disasters and social disasters. Human rights as a victim of human rights belong to the category of human rights. It is rooted in humanitarianism and depends on human rights. It not only has its own legal basis but also has a profound moral and ethical foundation. It is also the need of human beings to protect vulnerable groups. The victims’ rights have a wide range of contents and macroscopically represent the human rights with the guarantee of the right to life and subsistence as well as the special protection requirements of water, sanitation, nutrition, food, living conditions and medical service needs at the micro level. The realization of the victims’ rights as a humanitarian right requires the joint efforts of nations, international organizations and individuals and requires the protection of different mechanisms in the legislative, judicial and administrative fields.