20世纪后期,以苏联、东欧的失败为标志,当代社会主义经历了极为严重的曲折。但曲折绝不等于结局,资本主义取代封建主义也曾经历长期曲折,资本主义继续发展是因为社会主义的压力而从被迫到主动地进行适应生产力发展的成功调整,社会主义出现严重曲折的根本症结是在长时期内未能把发展生产力作为压倒一切的根本性任务。社会主义要在曲折中继续发展,就必须牢记教训,正视来自资本主义的挑战:跟紧知识经济时代步伐,实施科教兴国战略;汇入全球化潮流,抓住“后发优势”机遇;坚持和平外交政策,反对“西化”“分化”图谋。 In the late twentieth century, marked by the failure of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, contemporary socialism experienced extremely serious twists and turns. However, the twists and turns are by no means the same as ending. The capitalist alternative to feudalism has also experienced a long period of twists and turns. The continued development of capitalism stems from the pressure of socialism, from being forced to taking the initiative to make successful adjustments to adapt to the development of the productive forces and fundamentally tortuous socialism The crux of the matter is that it fails to take the development of productive forces as an overriding fundamental task in a long time. To continue developing social stability in the twists and turns, we must bear in mind the lessons learned and face up to the challenges posed by capitalism. We must keep up with the pace of the knowledge-based economy and implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. We must also bring in the tide of globalization and seize the opportunity of “backward advantage.” We must uphold peace Foreign Policy, Opposition to “Westernization” and “Divergence”.