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目的 观察一个社区居住的老年人群体的认知功能随年龄变化的发生和发展速度 ,及与预后的关系。方法 在北京市≥ 6 0岁的老年和 5 5～ 5 9岁的亚老年人群 (在此统称老年人 )中抽取一个样本 ,对其进行前瞻性研究 ,即分别于 1992年和 5年后检查认知功能。结果 基线调查时2 0 47名老年人中有 2 41人 (11.8% )认知功能异常。随访发现 ,认知功能异常者 5年死亡率 42 .9% ,明显高于认知功能正常老人的死亡率 (19.8% )。控制了慢性病患病率和年龄的差别后 ,认知功能水平的死亡率差异仍有显著意义。 1337名老年人完成简短精神状态量表 (MMSE)随访检测 ,平均分为2 3.36 ,比基线调查平均得分降低了 0 .41分。个体分析显示 ,5 1.9%的老人认知功能无变化 ,2 4.5 %分数下降 ,2 3.6 %分数提高。结论 该社区老年人认知功能减退发展较缓慢。以MMSE检测认知功能异常及临界水平对老年人预后、功能继续下降和痴呆有预测意义。
Objective To observe the occurrence and development of cognitive function with age and the relationship with prognosis in the elderly population living in a community. Methods A sample of elderly people aged 60 years or older and people aged 55 to 59 in Beijing (collectively referred to as the elderly) was prospectively studied and prospectively studied in 1992 and 5 years later Cognitive function. Results In the baseline survey, 2 41 (11.8%) of 20 47 elderly people had cognitive dysfunction. The follow-up found that the 5-year mortality rate of cognitive dysfunction was 42.9%, which was significantly higher than that of normal elderly people with cognitive function (19.8%). After controlling for the differences in the prevalence and age of chronic disease, the differences in mortality at cognitive function are still significant. A total of 1337 seniors completed a MMSE follow-up test, with an average of 2 3.36, a decrease of 0.41 points from the baseline. Individual analyzes showed that 5 1.9% of the elderly had no change in cognitive function, a 4.5% decline in 2, and a 3.6% improvement in their scores. Conclusion The cognitive decline of the elderly in the community is developing slowly. MMSE detection of cognitive dysfunction and the critical level of the elderly prognosis, continued decline in function and dementia have predictive significance.