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三百年前,在清廷供职的比利时传教士南怀仁(1623～1688年)因病在北京逝世,康熙皇帝亲自为他撰写了祭文和碑文,谥号为“勤敏”。南怀仁之所以能享殊荣,要从他在中国所取得的一系列科技成就说起。一天文、历法 (一)康熙七年(1668年),南怀仁重返钦天监工作。当时钦天监所使用的历法,已不是清初曾使用过的“西洋新法”,而是袭用明代所通行的《大统历》和《回回历》。《大统历》的数据和计算方法都是根据元代郭守敬编的《授时历》(1280年);《回回历》则是十三世纪从阿拉伯国家传入的。这两种历法,均因历时久远且很少修改,故在实际应用时就不免常出差错。十二月,南怀仁劾奏钦天监监副吴明烜,说吴所造康熙八年七政民历内误定的康熙八年闰十二月应是康熙九年正月。还指出吴氏历中一年两春分、两秋分等错误。康熙帝认为
Three hundred years ago, the Belgian missionary Nan Huiren (1623 ~ 1688), who served in the Qing court, died in Beijing. The emperor Kangxi personally wrote sacrifices and inscriptions for him, and his number is Qin Min. The reason why South Huai-Ren can enjoy the honor is to start with a series of scientific and technological achievements he has made in China. A day language, calendar (a) Kangxi seven years (1668), South Huai Ren returned to Qintian prison work. At that time, the calendar used by Qintian was no longer the New Western Law that had been used in early Qing dynasty. The data and calculation methods of “Grand Tseung calendar” are based on the “Calendar of Dates” (1280) compiled by Guo Shou-jing in the Yuan Dynasty. The “Hui-Hui Calendar” was introduced from the Arab countries in the thirteenth century. Both of these two kinds of calendars, because they are long-lasting and are rarely modified, are often mistaken in their practical application. In December, Nan Huai-ren played Qintian’s deputy supervisor, Wu Minglian, saying that Kangxi’s eight-year intercalary trial in Kangxi’s eight-year term of seven years of government and administration was miscalculated in December and should be the first lunar month of Kangxi’s nine-year term. Also pointed out that Wu’s calendar year two spring points, two autumn equities error. Emperor Kangxi think