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从有机质转化为石油及煤的过程,实质上是含碳化合物的转化、能量的转换与贮集以及两者之间相互作用的过程。世界上的有机物是由生物建造的。有机物中的能量渊源于太阳能及地球内部贮能。植物及自养菌从光和还原性无机物中获得能量,用以还原CO_2为有机物,贮能于其中,它们是有机物的生产者。
The conversion from organic matter to petroleum and coal is essentially the conversion of carbon-containing compounds, the conversion and storage of energy, and the interaction between the two. Organisms in the world are made of living things. The energy in organic matter is derived from solar energy and energy storage inside the earth. Plants and autotrophic bacteria obtain energy from light and reducing inorganic substances, which are used to reduce CO 2 to organic matter and store energy therein. They are the producers of organic matter.