乌托邦向来是一种模糊的理想,它鼓励某些人拼命实现这种不可能的理想,并反复使其他人确信那些人永远不可能一开始便会实现:于是它驱使激情主义者和教条主义者进入疯狂,同时又使自由主义者的半心半意获得一种停滞性的心智宽慰。结果那些急于行动的人能够以不想行动者的同样的确定性抛弃乌托邦;当然反过来也同样如此。 看来时间对反乌托邦是有利的;尤其在东欧,除了一直清除对法国大革命的反动修正(曾在西欧盛行一时)之外,对乌托邦的冲动的邪恶进行批判和分析已经变成了一个迅速发展的行业。这是艾德蒙·勃克和19世纪其他一些人共同做过的一种批判(我们曾错误地认为这是些尼采之 Utopia has always been a vague ideal that encourages some to desperately pursue such an impossible ideal and repeatedly convinces others that it will never be possible from the outset to do so: it drives the passionate and the dogmatist Into craziness, while allowing the half-hearted libertarian get a stagnant mental relief. As a result, those who are eager to act can abandon utopia with the same certainty that they do not want to act; of course, the other way around. It seems that time is good for dystopia; especially in Eastern Europe, in addition to its elimination of the reactionary revision of the French Revolution, which once prevailed in Western Europe, the critique and analysis of the utopian impulse of evil has become a rapid development Industry. This is a critique that Edmund Burke and the rest of the 19th century have done together (we mistook this as Nietzsche’s