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2007年在山西省榆次县利用静态箱自动监测系统对传统和优化两种施肥方式下春玉米土壤追肥和灌溉前后N2O排放通量进行了连续测定,该地区土壤质地为壤土,气候为温带大陆性半干旱气候。结果表明,灌溉和施肥对N2O的排放影响较大,当土壤含水量较低时,施肥并不会导致N2O通量迅速升高。在不灌溉的条件下施肥前后N2O的日排放通量特征为单峰型,凌晨4:00左右为最低值,下午16:00左右达到最高值,与空气和5cm土壤温度相关性均达到了极显著水平。施肥并灌溉后N2O排放通量迅速升高,一天之内能够迅速升高约50倍。灌溉后N2O日排放通量呈“N”字型走势,在达到最大值后变为单峰型,一周后日排放出现了直线下降和水平波动两种不同的走势。经检验施肥并灌溉后一周内优化施肥方式下N2O排放通量极显著低于传统施肥方式(P<0.01),优化施肥可以作为减排农田N2O排放的措施之一。
In 2007, the automatic monitoring system of static box in Yuci County of Shanxi Province was used to continuously measure the N2O emission fluxes of spring maize before and after top dressing and irrigation under both traditional and optimized fertilization methods. The soil texture is loamy and the climate is temperate Sexually semi-arid climate. The results showed that irrigation and fertilization had a significant impact on N2O emission. When soil moisture was low, fertilization did not lead to a rapid increase of N2O flux. The daily flux of N2O before and after fertilization was unimodal and the flux of N2O was unimodal, reaching the lowest value at around 4:00 in the morning and reaching the highest at about 16:00 in the afternoon, reaching the highest correlation with the air and 5 cm of soil temperature Significant level. N2O flux increased rapidly after fertilization and irrigation and rapidly increased about 50 times in one day. After the irrigation, the daily flux of N2O was in the shape of “N ”. After reaching the maximum, it became a unimodal type. After a week, daily discharges showed two different trends: straight drop and horizontal fluctuation. Fertilizer application and irrigation within one week after optimization of fertilization N2O flux was significantly lower than the traditional fertilization (P <0.01), the optimized fertilization can be used as one of the measures to reduce N2O emissions from farmland.