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在长期定位试验基础上研究了施肥对小麦产量和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,合理的肥料配施不但可以大幅度增产,还可提高肥料的肥效,促进作物生长发育,增加小麦体内氮磷钾养分的积累。单施N和M肥料的增产作用不明显,单施P小麦减产38%,NP配施或氮磷肥与有机肥配施小麦产量显著提高,以NPM处理的小麦最高,为5980.0kghm-2,比对照增产4436kghm-2,增幅287.31%。肥料间以氮磷肥的交互作用最明显,连应值最高,为3859.5kghm-2;氮磷肥配施还可明显提高氮肥和磷肥的肥效,但有机肥肥效则以NM配施最高。小麦的综合长势以NM配施最好,株高略低于NPM配施,穗长、穗粒数、千粒重均有所增加;氮磷养分吸收总量以NPM配施为最高,钾养分吸收总量则以NM配施最高;氮收获指数以NM配施最高,为77%,磷收获指数以NP配施最高,为87%,钾收获指数以NP和NPM配施最高,为16%。
Based on the long-term experiment, the effects of fertilization on wheat yield and nutrient uptake were studied. The results showed that reasonable fertilizer application could not only increase yield but also increase fertilizer efficiency, promote crop growth and increase accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wheat. N and M fertilizers alone had no significant increase in yield. Yields of P wheat were reduced by 38% with single application of P or wheat, and the yield of wheat with N or P application and organic manure was significantly increased. The highest NPM-treated wheat was 5980.0 kghm-2 Control increased 4436kghm-2, an increase of 287.31%. The interaction between fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus was the most obvious, with the highest corresponding value of 3859.5kghm-2. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers could obviously improve the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, but the efficiency of organic fertilizers was highest with NM. The comprehensive growth of wheat in the best combination of NM, plant height slightly lower than that of NPM, spike length, grains per spike and grain weight increased. The total N and P uptake by NPM was the highest, The highest N application rate was 77% for the NM application, and the highest NP for the phosphorus harvest index was 87%. The potassium harvest index was highest for NP and NPM, 16%.