为研究褪黑激素对皖系长毛兔毛囊细胞凋亡的影响及相关机制,选择60只皖系长毛兔,随机均分成4组,1组不埋植褪黑激素(对照),另3组每只兔按25 mg(低剂量组)、40 mg(中剂量组)和55 mg(高剂量组)分别埋植褪黑激素,饲养70 d后,进行组织病理学观察和RNA的转录组高通量测序及qPCR表达分析.结果表明:通过组织切片观察,证实55 mg褪黑激素处理能有效抑制毛囊细胞凋亡,维持细胞正常形态;通过对高剂量组和对照组测序,得到25个差异表达基因,其中有14个基因上调,11个基因下调,涉及通路包括嗜T细胞病毒感染、坏死性凋亡、甲状腺癌、铁死亡、I型糖尿病和胰岛素信号通路,其中坏死性凋亡、铁死亡通路与长毛兔毛囊凋亡相关;选取4个与凋亡相关的差异表达基因进行荧光定量验证,得到新基因MSTRG.3561表达显著上调,SLC25A5表达下调,但差异无统计学意义.“,”In this experiment, the effect of melatonin on hair follicle cell apoptosis and related mechanisms in angora rabbits were studied. A total of 60 angora rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1, no melatonin was implanted as a control group. In the other three groups, melatonin was implanted 25 mg (low dose group), 40 mg (middle dose group) and 55 mg (high dose group), respectively. After 70 days of feeding, pathological observation and RNA transcriptome high-throughput sequencing and qPCR expression analysis were performed. The tissue slicing results showed that 55 mg melatonin treatment could effectively inhibit the apoptosis of hair follicle cells and maintain the normal morphology of cells. Twenty-five differentially expressed genes were obtained by sequencing the high dose group and the control group, including 14 up-regulated genes and 11 down-regulated genes. These genes were involved pathways such as HTLV-I infection, necroptosis, thyroid cancer, ferroptosis, type I diabetes mellitus and insulin signaling pathway. Necroptosis and ferroptosis were related to apoptosis of hair follicles in angora rabbits. Four apoptosis-related differentially expressed genes were selected for fluorescence quantitative verification. As a result, the expression of MSTRG.3561 gene was significantly up-regulated and the expression of SLC25A5 was down-regulated,but no significant difference was found.