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目的:分析2018—2019流感监测年度中国大陆分离的A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒的抗原和基因特性。方法:用红细胞凝集抑制试验对2018—2019流感监测年度的2 958株A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒进行抗原分析，对其中的279株A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒的血凝素(hemagglutinin, HA基)因进行了序列测定和分析，并选取流行优势分支的代表株与免疫疫苗后的人血清进行抗原分析。结果:检测的2 861株(97%，2 861/2 958)A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒与疫苗株A/Michigan/45/2015抗原性类似，测序毒株的HA基因均属于6B.1分支，其中269株(96%，269/279)属于6B.1A分支，与疫苗株相比具有S74R、S164T、I295V氨基酸位点的共同变异，6B.1A分支中存在多个有共同氨基酸位点变异的小分支，并且具有S183P氨基酸位点变异的毒株占测序毒株的51%。用免疫疫苗后的人血清进行抗原分析的结果显示血清能抑制绝大部分的流行代表株。结论:2018—2019流感监测年度中国大陆流行的A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒与同期的疫苗株抗原性匹配，但HA基因存在多样性的特点。“,”Objective:The antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated from the mainland of China during the 2018-2019 influenza surveillance year were analyzed.Methods:Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains in the 2018-2019 influenza surveillance year were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition test. The hemagglutinin(HA) gene of 279 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains was sequenced and analyzed. The representative strains of the dominant clades were performed for antigenic characteristics using post-vaccination human antisera.Results:Two thousand eight hundred and sixty-one (97%, 2 861/2 958) viruses characterized were antigenically similar to A/Michigan/45/2015. All HA gene of the sequenced viruses belonged to 6B.1 clade, and 269(96%, 269/279) viruses belonged to 6B.1A subclade. Compared with the vaccine virus, it had the common amino acid substitutions of S74R, S164T and I295V in the HA protein. There were several small groups with common amino acid substitutions in the 6B.1A subclade, and 51% sequenced viruses had S183P amino acid substitution in this subclade. The result of antigenic analysis using post-vaccination human antiserums showed that most of the representative strains were well inhibited by the sera.Conclusions:The antigenicity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in the mainland of China in 2018-2019 influenza surveillance year matched well with the corresponding vaccine strain, but the HA gene had genetically diverse characteristic.