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当初兴建贝加尔阿穆尔—铁路干线的目的是使西伯利亚大铁路扩展一倍,以利于开发西伯利亚北部丰富的矿产资源,这里的煤、铁、铜、锌、镍、锰等矿物资源的蕴藏量占全国总储量的80％。贝加尔—阿穆尔铁路干线是1967年决定兴建的,然而一直拖到1974年才开始动工,历时15年多。这里属于世界上最荒凉、气候最恶劣的地区之一:冬季,大雪覆盖,气温低达零下60℃;盛夏季节,气温高达40℃;天暖解冻时,常发生雪崩和滑坡;永久冻土地段总长占线路全程的65％;此外,这一地区还是一个地震多发地带,仅1980～1983年这3年间,就发生大小地震4000余次,其中有些其震级达到了里氏(Richter)9级。
The original construction of the Amur Railway Station in Baikal aims to double the Siberian Railway to facilitate the development of rich mineral resources in the northern part of Siberia where coal, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, manganese and other mineral resources account for a total amount of reserves 80% of the reserves The Baikal-Amur Railway, which was decided in 1967, was not constructed until 1974, which lasted more than 15 years. It belongs to one of the most inhospitable and climatic regions in the world. In winter, heavy snow cover temperatures as low as minus 60 ° C. In midsummer, temperatures rise up to 40 ° C. Avalanches and landslides often occur when the weather is thawed. Permafrost lots In addition, the area is still an earthquake-prone area. In the three years between 1980 and 1983, there were more than 4,000 major and minor earthquakes, some of which reached the Richter magnitude 9 level.