一、“存在”与“存在句” 1.“存在”是语言意识和言语活动中最常用的语义范畴。需要明确的是:这里所讲的“存在”并不是哲学术语的“存在”,而是普通的,日常意义上的“存在”。“辞海” (1978年版)对“存在”一语给了两个义项:“①相对于思维而言的‘存在’是‘物质’的同义语。…②指‘有’。”这里讲的“存在”意为“右” (俄文为бытъ,иметъ　ся в　наличии,参见Ожегов等编词典),包括“有”,“存在”,“发生”,“出现”等具体语义。 I. “Existence” and “Existential Sentences” 1. “Existence” is the most commonly used semantic category in language awareness and verbal activity. What needs to be clarified is that the “existence” here is not the “existence” of philosophical terms, but the ordinary “everyday existence”. “Cihai” (1978 edition) gives two meanings to the word “existence”: “①” Being “relative to thinking is synonymous with” material. “② means” yes. “ ”Being“ means ”right“ (in Russian: бытъ, иметъ ся в наличии, see Dictionary compiled by Ожегов, etc.) and includes specific semantics such as ”有“, ”exists“, ”occurs“, ”appears"