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大家族暨宗族是民族学人类学亲属制度的基本与核心范畴,是国际汉学研究的基本观察单位和通用术语。然大家族理念和形制也贯穿于西方国家的历史,西欧中世纪邦国分封制与皇室王族世袭制即可佐证。经典民族志也表明:家族宗族并非汉人社会特有的亲缘组织,如裂变宗族理论,里弗斯与拉-布朗的地缘宗族观,普里查德和福蒂斯以世系群考察非洲政治组织,弗里德曼以新加坡华人社区探讨中国东南汉人乡村宗族,科瓦列夫斯基、柯思文等考察南欧、南北亚父系家族公社,马克思以家族公社探索“亚细亚生产方式”等。中国汉人之外的大家族、家支谱系、皇室王族和世袭制亦可辅证世系大家族的普适性。拙文以欧亚大陆和中国诸族体大家族考证补充非汉视域大家族形态;以中国边域、跨域理念宗族补缺汉人宗族研究并试析氏族、家族世系群的非单一血缘性。
The big clan and clan are the basic and core categories of ethnology anthropology kinship system, which is the basic observational unit and common terminology of international sinology research. However, the concept and shape of the big family also run through the history of Western countries, Western Europe, the Middle Ages and the royal family royal family system can be corroborated. The classic ethnography also shows that clan clans are not uniquely kinship organizations of Han Chinese society, such as the fission clan theory, the geopolitical ideas of Rivers and LaBron, Pritchard and Fordis, Reidman explored the southeast Chinese Hancun clan, Kovalevsky and Kesi Wen in the Chinese community in Singapore to examine the patriarchal clan communes in southern Europe and North and South Asia. Marx explored the “Asian mode of production” with a family commune. The great clan, family clan pedigree, imperial royal family and hereditary system other than Chinese Han people can also supplement the generality of the great clans. My essay complements the investigation of the non-Han-based large-scale clans in the textual research of the various ethnic groups in Eurasia and China; supplemented the study of the Chinese clan by the lineage of Chinese borderland and cross-domain ideas and analyzed the non-monosonmate clans of the clan and clans.