以农户为细胞单元,通过对典型乡镇农户收入的差异分析来探讨影响农村经济发展的主要因素。选取陕西省神木县12个乡镇典型村域进行农户调查和定量评价,运用多元回归对农户收入的影响因素进行分析。各乡镇间人均纯收入差距显著,基尼系数均在0.20以上,67%的乡镇基尼系数大于0.30,其中解家堡、乔岔滩、花石崖的基尼系数更是超过了国际警戒线0.40;乡镇内部农户间的收入差距也十分明显。回归结果显示:耕地面积、第一产业支出是低收入家庭农户收入的重要影响因素;户主受教育程度、非农就业等显著影响着中等收入家庭农户收入;而经济潜力、家庭教育负担、区位因素对高收入家庭农户收入影响显著。研究表明,要增加农户家庭的收入,除了发展个体经济、提升兼业比重外,还应重视农户自身素质的提高,大力发展农村的经济合作。 Taking the peasant household as the cell unit, this paper analyzes the main factors affecting the rural economic development through the analysis of the differences in the income of the typical rural households. The typical villages in 12 villages in Shenmu County of Shaanxi Province were selected for household survey and quantitative evaluation, and the multiple regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of household income. The per capita net income gap between the townships was significant, with Gini coefficients above 0.20 and 67% of township Gini coefficients greater than 0.30. Among them, the Gini coefficient of Jijiabao, Qiaochatan and Hua Shiya exceeded 0.40 for the international warning line; The income gap between farmers is also very clear. The regression results show that: the cultivated area and the primary industry expenditure are the important influencing factors for the income of low-income families; the education level of head households and non-agricultural employment have a significant impact on the income of middle-income families; and the economic potential, family education burden, location factors Significant impact on income of high-income households. The research shows that in order to increase the income of peasant households, in addition to developing individual economy and upgrading the proportion of part-time work, we should also attach importance to improving the quality of peasant households and vigorously develop rural economic cooperation.