从价值多元论和反启蒙立场出发,以赛亚.伯林拒斥现代性。在他看来,启蒙的理性主义一元论必然导致吊诡的现代性:一种经由理性思考的现代性构想只有依靠非理性的方式才能实现。然而,作为自由主义思想家,以赛亚.伯林并不否认启蒙的影响。他承认启蒙之后,人类必然要脱离传统社会而进入一个“新时代”。自发性、多元性是这个“新时代”最基本的“现代性”特征。 Starting from the standpoint of value pluralism and anti-enlightenment, Isaiah Berlin rejected the modernity. In his view, Enlightenment’s monistic theory of rationality inevitably leads to the paradoxical modernity: a modern conception of rational thinking can only be achieved by irrational means. However, as a liberal thinker, Isaiah Berlin does not deny the influence of enlightenment. He admitted that after enlightenment, mankind will inevitably enter a “new era” from the traditional society. Spontaneity, pluralism are the most basic “modernity” features of this “new era.”