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目的通过对青藏公路沿线生活饮用水的卫生学检测分析和风险评估,了解掌握饮用水卫生状况,为饮用水安全管理工作提供科学依据和技术支撑。方法现场查看水源基本情况并收集水样56份,按照国标方法对样品的理化和微生物学指标进行检测评价,并对危害因素进行风险评估。结果所检测的56份水样总合格率为75.0%;在不合格水样中,总大肠茵群、茵落总数、硫酸盐和浑浊度均超标为7份(12.5%),其次是氯化物超标6份(10.7%);在检测水样的超标项目中,总大肠菌群、茵落总数、浑浊度以及硫酸盐超标次数最多,每项分别占总超标次数的13.2%;不同水源类型之间合格率无明显差异;影响青藏公路沿线生活饮用水的主要风险因素为总大肠茵群、茵落总数、浑浊度、氯化物和硫酸盐。结论青藏公路沿线生活饮用水水质卫生合格率偏低,微生物和氯化物是主要风险因素,应加强水质消毒并完善水处理措施,保障青藏公路沿线村民生活饮用水的安全。
Objective To understand the hygienic status of drinking water and to provide a scientific basis and technical support for drinking water safety management through hygienic testing and risk assessment of drinking water along the Qinghai-Tibetan Highway. Methods The basic situation of water source was investigated on site and 56 water samples were collected. The physico-chemical and microbiological indexes of samples were tested and evaluated according to the national standard method, and the risk assessment was conducted on the hazard factors. Results The total qualified rate of 56 water samples tested was 75.0%. In the unqualified water samples, total colony, total number of colonies, sulphate and turbidity were all exceeded the mark of 7 (12.5%), followed by chloride 6 (10.7%) exceeded the standard; the total coliform bacteria, the total number of colony, the turbidity and the over-standard times of sulfate exceeded the standard, each accounting for 13.2% of the total over-standard times respectively. In different types of water samples No significant difference between the passing rate; the main risk factors affecting the drinking water along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway are the total colony Yin population, the total number of turbidity, turbidity, chloride and sulfate. Conclusion The passing rate of drinking water quality along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is low, and microorganisms and chlorides are the main risk factors. Water quality disinfection should be strengthened and water treatment measures should be perfected to ensure the safety of villagers drinking water along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.