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高血压是心脑血管疾病重要的危险因素,可损伤重要脏器如心、脑、肾的结构和功能,最终导致这些器官的功能衰竭,是危害人类健康的一大杀手。假性高血压(Pseudohypertension,PHT)是指普通袖带测压法所测血压值高于动脉穿刺直接测得的血压值的一种特殊现象,也是难治性高血压的一个主要原因。已有研究表明,假性高血压在老年人、动脉硬化、肾功不全及糖尿病患者中较为多见。目前国内外有限的研究显示假性高血压发病率1.7%-50%。在临床治疗中如不能准确识别假性高血压而对患者行过度降压治疗,将会造成严重的灌注不足事件如中风,甚至死亡。因此,假性高血压日益受到重视,本文就其诊断标准、产生机制、流行病学等方面作一综述。
Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It can damage the structure and function of important organs such as heart, brain and kidney, eventually leading to the failure of these organs. It is a major killer of human health. Pseudohypertension (PHT) is a special phenomenon that the blood pressure measured by cuff method is higher than that measured by arterial puncture directly. It is also a major cause of refractory hypertension. Studies have shown that pseudo-hypertension in the elderly, atherosclerosis, renal insufficiency and diabetes are more common. At present, limited research at home and abroad shows the incidence of pseudo-hypertension is 1.7% -50%. Failure to accurately identify pseudohypertensives in patients undergoing clinical treatment for over-antihypertensive treatment can result in severe under-perfusion events such as stroke and even death. Therefore, the increasing emphasis on pseudo-hypertension, this article reviews its diagnostic criteria, mechanism of production, epidemiology and so on.