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本文针对全国已建数万座水库存在的实际情况,从保证大坝安全着想,分别对自溃式非常溢洪道和过水土石坝进行了评述。叙述了自溃坝的规模,型式、溃决过程、溃决速率和启用标准以及过水土石坝的经济效益、技术措施等。对沥青护面过水土石坝在这里也作了介绍。建议推广应用自溃式非常溢洪道作为已建或新建工程的非常泄洪措施,建议在中小型工程中,在没有修建岸边溢洪道合适的地质地形条件时,或者在修建岸边溢洪道工程量过大时可考虑选用过水土石坝而不修岸边溢洪道。
In view of the actual situation of the tens of thousands of reservoirs built in the whole country, this paper reviews the self-rumbling very spillway and over-flow dam with consideration of the dam safety. Describes the scale of the dam, the type, the process of the collapse, the rate of collapse and the opening of the standard as well as the economic benefits of over-flow dam, technical measures and so on. Asphalt over the face of the dam is also introduced here. It is proposed to promote the application of self-propelled spillway as a very important spillway for existing or newly constructed projects. It is proposed that in small and medium-sized projects, when no suitable geological and terrain conditions are being built for shore-side spillways or when excessive spillway construction works We may consider using earth-rock dams instead of shore spillways.