早产儿和低出生体重儿是新生儿学科研究中最受关注的热点,文献众多。以往国内对于院内救治方案最为重视,因为涉及到抢救成功率和死亡率的统计,还有医患关系矛盾等等的影响。近年来已逐渐向国外靠拢,关注这些高危儿的生存质量,以及从院内过渡到院外的延续性治疗干预随访。本文就这些高危儿的出院后管理做一述评,以期为同行提供临床参考。因低出生体重儿大部分属于早产儿,少部分为足月小于胎龄儿,此文主要阐述早产儿的院 Preterm infants and low birth weight infants are the hot topics in the research of neonatology. There are many literatures. In the past the most attention to the domestic hospital treatment program, because it involves the success rate of rescue and mortality statistics, as well as doctor-patient relationship conflicts and so on. In recent years, it has gradually moved closer to foreign countries, focusing on the quality of life of these high-risk infants and the follow-up of continuing therapeutic interventions from the hospital to the hospital. This article reviews the post-discharge management of these high-risk children in order to provide clinical reference for their peers. Because most of the low birth weight children belong to premature children, a small part of the full-term children less than gestational age, this article mainly describes the hospital of premature children