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为总结我国甜高粱品种、生产技术以及不同区域生产成本和能源效率的差异,通过文献研究和田间调查,采用数值描述和因子分析的方法对我国现有甜高粱品种的特性、生产技术以及对冷凉地区(内蒙)、干旱地区(新疆)和盐碱地区(山东)的生产成本和能源效率进行分析。结果显示:多数品种生育期113～130d,锤度9.0%～16.0%,鲜秸秆产量31.2～64.7t/hm2,株高223.1～312.7cm,茎粗1.48～1.89cm,籽粒产量在2.07～3.39t/hm2之间。籽粒、秸秆产量和锤度的变异系数分别为42.1%、50.5%和41.9%。耕作、灌溉、施肥、除分蘖、施用农药和防止倒伏等农艺措施都会对甜高粱的产量产生显著影响。对生产成本的因子分析结果为:其KMO值为0.84,Bartlett球型检验值(P<0.01)14 970;旋转后3个公共因子方差贡献率分别是48.18%、41.66%和6.78%,累积贡献率为96.61%;综合得分内蒙(-15.22)最好。利用茎秆生产无水乙醇原料耗能2.7×103～7.4×103 MJ/t,综合利用后耗能1.4×103～3.9×103 MJ/t。能量产投比分别为4.0～10.9和7.6～20.7。甜高粱作为能源作物从经济成本和能源效率上可行,各生产要素中人工投入对成本、生产资料对能源效率的影响最大。因子分析综合评价认为各要素成本在区域之间有显著差异。在不同区域平衡机械和人工投入对成本和能源效率的影响具有重要意义。
In order to summarize the differences of sweet sorghum varieties, production techniques and production costs and energy efficiency in different regions, the characteristics and production techniques of the existing sweet sorghum varieties in China were studied by literature research and field investigation using numerical description and factor analysis. The production costs and energy efficiency of the cold areas (Inner Mongolia), arid areas (Xinjiang) and saline-alkali areas (Shandong) were analyzed. The results showed that most of the varieties had a growth period of 113-130d, a brix of 9.0-16.0%, a fresh straw yield of 31.2-64.7t / hm2, a plant height of 223.1-312.7cm, a stem diameter of 1.48-1.89cm and a grain yield of 2.07-3.39t / hm2 between. The coefficient of variation of grain yield, straw yield and brix were 42.1%, 50.5% and 41.9% respectively. Farming, irrigation, fertilization, agronomic measures such as tillering, pesticide application and lodging protection all have a significant impact on sweet sorghum production. The factor analysis of production cost showed that KMO value was 0.84 and Bartlett’s spherical test value was 14 970 (P <0.01). The variance contribution rate of three public factors after rotation was 48.18%, 41.66% and 6.78%, respectively. The cumulative contribution Rate of 96.61%; comprehensive score Inner Mongolia (-15.22) is best. The energy consumption of raw materials for ethanol production from stalks was 2.7 × 103 ~ 7.4 × 103 MJ / t, and the energy consumption after comprehensive utilization was 1.4 × 103 ~ 3.9 × 103 MJ / t. Energy production ratio were 4.0 ~ 10.9 and 7.6 ~ 20.7. As an energy crop, sweet sorghum is viable in terms of economic costs and energy efficiency. The artificial input of various factors of production has the greatest impact on energy efficiency and means of production. Comprehensive evaluation of factor analysis that the cost of each element in the region significant differences. The impact of balancing mechanical and manual inputs in different regions on cost and energy efficiency is of great importance.