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落石对建筑物撞击造成的损毁和建筑结构的易损性是现今的研究热点。基于以往研究钢筋混凝土结构易损性的经验总结和数据统计的方法,考虑了落石灾害强度(速度、能量和轨迹),提出了定量的易损性分析流程与方法:1)落石对单个构件碰撞可能性计算;2)单根结构构件的落石作用响应分析;3)建立建筑物有限元分析模型进行抗倒塌仿真模拟;4)计算损伤指数D。采用以上方法系统地研究了广西凤山县石灰岩矿山落石作用下混凝土框架结构的易损性。结果表明:损伤指数范围D为0.06~1.00,并可分为非结构构件损伤、仅结构构件损伤、部分倒塌和大范围甚至全部倒塌4个层次;损伤指数与落石作用强度正相关;碰撞路径和碰撞位置对于结构损伤极为重要,中心柱失效比角柱失效损伤更大,落石垂直入射比斜射入射造成损伤更大。该方法能准确量化易损性相关函数中的落石碰撞概率和损伤指数控制因素,促进建筑结构易损性定量化深入研究。
The damage caused by falling rocks to the building and the vulnerability of the building structure are the hot topics of the research. Based on the previous experience and statistical methods of studying the vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures, the strength and intensity of the rockfall disaster (velocity, energy and trajectory) were considered and quantitative vulnerability analysis procedures and methods were proposed: 1) Possibility calculation; 2) response analysis of rockfalling action of single structural member; 3) establishment of finite element analysis model of building for anti-collapse simulation; and 4) calculation of damage index. The above method was used to systematically study the vulnerability of concrete frame structure under the rockfall of limestone mine in Fengshan County, Guangxi. The results show that the damage index ranges from 0.06 to 1.00 and can be divided into four levels: non-structural component damage, structural component damage only, partial component collapse and large area collapse, and the damage index is positively correlated with the strength of rockfall. The collision path and Collision location is very important for structural damage. Failure of center column is more serious than failure of corner column, and vertical incidence of rockfall is more serious than oblique incidence. The method can accurately quantify the probability of rockfall collision and the control index of damage index in the vulnerability-related function, and promote the quantification of the structural vulnerability.