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硬金属肺病(hard mental lung disease,HMLD)是一种由硬质合金吸入为主引起的职业性呼吸系统疾病。HMLD可引起肺组织纤维化的改变、间质性肺炎,并伴有职业性哮喘表现。好发于一些从事稀有金属粉末工作的有关人员。在我国2013年最新颁布的《职业病分类与目录》中,HMLD肺病被明确列入除尘肺病以外的其他呼吸系统疾病中。2013年我国在湖南发现首例硬金属肺病。目前国内对HMLD的研究并不多,随着被列入《职业病分类与目录》,HMLD的流行病学调查、诊断与治疗等相关研究将会成为热点。作者将就目前国内外HMLD各方面的研究进展进行综述。
Hard mental lung disease (HMLD) is a type of occupational respiratory disorder caused mainly by inhalation of cemented carbides. HMLD can cause changes in lung tissue fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, and accompanied by occupational asthma performance. Occurred in some engaged in the work of rare metal powder related personnel. In our latest edition of Occupational Disease Classification and Catalog, 2013, HMLD lung disease was clearly included in respiratory diseases other than pneumoconiosis. In 2013, our country found the first case of hard metal lung disease in Hunan. At present, there are not many studies on HMLD in China. With the inclusion of “Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases”, epidemiological investigation, diagnosis and treatment of HMLD will become hot spots. The author will review the current research progress in all aspects of HMLD at home and abroad.