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目的探讨小儿消化道出血的临床特点及相应治疗方案。方法回顾性分析医院门诊及住院的消化道出血患儿126例的临床资料,分析其出血原因。结果小儿上消化道出血中以十二指肠球溃疡、糜烂性胃炎、胃底贲门撕裂症多见;下消化道出血中以食物蛋白过敏性胃肠炎、过敏性紫癜及肠息肉常见。28d~1岁组食物蛋白过敏性胃肠炎为最常见病因,1~4岁组胃底贲门撕裂症、肠套叠及直结肠息肉常见,4~7岁组直结肠息肉为最常见病因,7~14岁组十二指肠球部溃疡为最常见病因。结论对于消化道出血患儿的诊断应详细采集病史,针对不同年龄段及出血表现,有选择地完善胃镜、结肠镜、发射型计算机断层成像(ECT)等检查,积极给予补液、止血、抑酸等治疗,大部分预后良好。
Objective To investigate the clinical features and corresponding treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods Retrospective analysis of 126 cases of clinical and hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal bleeding clinical data, analysis of the causes of bleeding. Results upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children with duodenal ulcer, erosive gastritis, gastric cardia tear more common; lower gastrointestinal bleeding in food protein allergic gastroenteritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura and intestinal polyps common. Food protein allergic gastroenteritis was the most common cause in the 28-year-old group. The gastric cardia-rupture, intussusception, and colorectal polyps were commonly seen in the 1 to 4-year-old group. The most common causes of colorectal polyps were in the 4- to 7-year-old group Duodenal ulcer was the most common cause in 7-14-year-old group. Conclusion The diagnosis of children with gastrointestinal bleeding should be collected in detail the history, for different age groups and bleeding performance, gastroscopy, colonoscopy and emission computed tomography (ECT) and other tests, and actively give rehydration, hemostasis, acid suppression Other treatment, most of the prognosis is good.