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目的了解2015年北京市门头沟区肠道门诊腹泻病例发病特征,为腹泻疾病的预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,选取2015年门头沟区肠道门诊的腹泻病例资料进行统计分析。结果腹泻疾病谱中胃肠功能紊乱比例最高,占48.44%;其次为腹泻待查,占30.59%;再次为其他感染性腹泻病,占9.57%。发病率居前3位地区依次为大峪办事处、永定镇和龙泉镇;病例主要集中在20~29、0~9和30~39、50~59岁组;职业以家务及待业、离退人员、散居儿童发病为主,流行高峰集中在5-8月。可疑危险食品是熟食冷荤、凉拌菜、水果蔬菜。可疑进食地点是家里、小餐馆、流动摊贩和路边摊位。病原学检测细菌检出率为9.58%,其中肠致泻性大肠杆菌占43.75%、沙门菌占31.25%、副溶血性弧菌占25.00%。病毒检出率为26.45%,其中轮状病毒占12.50%;诺如病毒占87.50%。结论每年5-8月份,该区应加强高发地区家务及待业、离退人员、散居儿童的腹泻疾病防控工作,并采取综合预防控制措施。
Objective To understand the incidence of diarrhea cases in the gastroenterology clinic in Mentougou District of Beijing in 2015 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of diarrhea diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to select the data of diarrhea cases in 2015 in Mentougou district for statistical analysis. Results The proportion of gastrointestinal disorders in diarrhea disease spectrum was the highest, accounting for 48.44%, followed by diarrhea for 30.59% and again for other infectious diarrhea cases, accounting for 9.57%. The top three areas were Daiyu Office, Yongding Town and Longquan Town in the top three cases. The cases were mainly concentrated in the groups of 20-29, 0-9 and 30-39, and 50-59 years old. The occupations were mainly household and unemployed, Personnel, diaspora mainly children, the prevalence of the peak concentrated in May-August. Suspected dangerous food is cooked cold meat, salad, fruits and vegetables. Suspicious places to eat are at home, diners, mobile street vendors and street stalls. The detection rate of etiological bacteria was 9.58%, which accounted for 43.75% of intestinal diarrhea Escherichia coli, Salmonella accounted for 31.25%, Vibrio parahaemolyticus accounted for 25.00%. The detection rate of the virus was 26.45%, of which Rotavirus accounted for 12.50% and Norovirus accounted for 87.50%. Conclusion From May to August each year, the district should strengthen prevention and control of diarrheal diseases in domestic and unemployed, scattered children living in high-risk areas and take comprehensive prevention and control measures.