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目的探索Gesell发育量表对2岁以内孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿的应用效果,为其早期诊断及干预提供科学依据。方法对年龄在24月龄以内的55例ASD患儿、40例精神发育迟滞患儿及131名正常儿童,运用Gesell发育量表对其进行测评,并对3组儿童的发育商进行分析比较。结果 87.26%的ASD组患儿在Gesell发育量表中表现为不同程度的发育迟缓;ASD组患儿及精神发育迟滞组患儿在五个能区中的得分都低于正常对照组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ASD组患儿与精神发育迟滞组患儿在适应性行为及精细动作上的得分与其相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ASD组患儿在大运动能区的得分优于精神发育迟滞组患儿,在语言及个人-社交能区,ASD组得分低于精神发育迟滞组患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 2岁以内ASD患儿即有发育落后及发育不平衡的现象,以语言及个人-社交发育落后明显,大运动发育相对接近正常为特征,进行Gesell发育量表评估有利于对ASD患儿的早期发现。
Objective To explore the effect of Gesell Scale on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within 2 years of age, and to provide a scientific basis for its early diagnosis and intervention. Methods 55 children with ASD, 40 children with mental retardation and 131 normal children within 24 months of age were evaluated with Gesell development scale, and the developmental quotient of three groups of children was analyzed and compared. Results 87.26% of children with ASD showed different degree of growth retardation in Gesell developmental scale. Children in ASD group and mental retardation group scored lower than those in normal control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in adaptive behavior and fine motor between children with ASD and mental retardation (P> 0.05) The score of large motor energy zone was better than that of mental retardation group. There was significant difference in language and individual-social energy zone, ASD group score lower than mental retardation group (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD within 2 years of age have developed and underdeveloped imbalances characterized by a marked decline in language and personal-social development and relatively normal development of large-scale exercise. Assessment of the Gesell development scale is beneficial for children with ASD Early detection.